Pdf optics physics for our purposes, in understanding how optical instruments work, the wave theory of light is entirely adequate. Exploring images with thin lenses and mirrors 2 of 20 the lens equation. Astronomy solar system, stars, galaxies and use of telescopes and satellites gcse physics revision notes. Physics notes for class 12 chapter 9 ray optics and optical instruments. Photometry is a branch measurement of light energy. Physics lenses are curved glasses or transparent materials. All real rays of light are drawn as a solid line with arrows to indicate direction. From last weeks lab, reflection and refraction, you should already be familiar with the following terms. Physics 223224 experiment 26 optics of the eye 228 diagram for step 7. The equations we used for mirrors all work for lenses. This book provides an introduction to the field of optics from a physics perspective.
Lenses lenses refract light in such a way that an image of the light source is formed. Image formation by lenses physics notes, questions. Powerpoint is a tutorial in how to do these diagrams and the pdfs are learning mats for the students desks. Diverging lenses come in a few different shapes, but all diverging lens are fatter on the edge than they are in the center. Optical fibres are used extensively in the field of telecommunications and medicine. A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses light beams by means of refraction. Tippens, professor of physics southern polytechnic state university a powerpoint presentation by. Although, may also be useful for other boardsalevel. Physics 23 fall 1988 lab 3 part ii imaging with simple.
No book on problems can claim to exhaust the variety in the limited space. A more specialized form of lenses, spectacles appeared around the 12 th century, but it took until contemporaries of galileo and later newton to develop a decent telescope we should all like lenses. Characteristics of light light waves are electromagnetic waves, whose nature is transverse. When you focus a camera, you adjust the distance of the lens from the film. Both converge parallel rays to a focal point, have positive focal lengths, and form images with similar characteristics. Telescopes gather far more light than the eye, allowing dim objects to be observed with greater magnification and better resolution. Wave optics propagation, interference and diffraction of waves axel kuhn, oxford 2016 paul ewarts lecture notes and problem sets. The focus of convex lenses is where rays parallel to principal axis go. The areas of nuclear and particle physics are emphasized as revolutionary developments have taken place both on the experimental and theoretical fronts in recent years. Telescopes are meant for viewing distant objects, producing an image that is larger than the image that can be seen with the unaided eye. Optics is an exciting area of study, but as with most areas of physics it requires a variety of mathematical tools to be fully appreciated. A lens is a curved piece of glass or plastic designed to refract light in a specific way. Physics 23 fall 1988 lab 3 part ii imaging with simple lenses theory the purpose of this laboratory is to gain familiarity with the imaging properties of simple lenses, alone and in combinations, by observing the relationship between the size and location of the object and image. The concave lens is a diverging lens, because it causes the light rays to bend away diverge from its axis.
Any lens thicker at the ends than in the center is a concave lens. The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal at the point of incidence, lie on the same. A lens can focus light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without. Ancient egyptians, babylonians, and greeks, all had a sense of basic optics. Heres all the definitions you will need for cie igcse physics course. Picture on page 838 of book light goes through the aperture, and the exposure is jointly proportional to the. F f a diverging lens is one that refracts and diverges parallel light which appears to come from a virtual focus in front of the lens. A second converging lens, having a focal length of 0. A group of rays of light emitted by a source of light is called a beam of light. On this page you can read or download advanced level physics by nelkon and parker pdf download in pdf format. Physics notes for class 12 chapter 9 ray optics and. A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material while compound lenses consist of several simple lenses arranged along with a common axis. Cie igcse physics key definitions flashcards quizlet. Ray tracing is the technique of determining or following tracing the paths that light rays take.
Physics 6c university of california, santa barbara. Second year, optics fraunhofer diffraction how linear is linear. The text is designed for upperlevel undergraduate students with a physics background. They are used in telescopes to help view items that are far away and are used in. If pinhole is too wide, too many ray angles get into the camera, make the image a blur.
If you are having trouble finding the values of and, parts a. Farsighted eye light rays refract primarily at the cornea, as this interface air, cornea has. A group of light rays parallel to each other is known as parallel beam of light. They should try to describe any images they form in terms of magnification, upright or inverted, real or. In the telecommunication field they are used as an alternative signal carrier to copper wires in the telephone system. Physical optics lecture notes pdf 44p download book. They are used to carrier digital signals in the form of light pulses over long distances. A worksheet to construct ray diagrams to show where images are formed by a converging convex lens and a diverging concave lens. Should that not be a minus sign on the left hand side.
In principle, electromagnetic waves may have any wavelength, from zero to arbitrarily long. General physics ii course lecture notes section xii. Pdf optics physics pdf optics physics pdf optics physics download. Electric charges and fields chapter notes, online test, video lectures, mcqs, revision notes for cbse class 12 physics on topperlearning.
General physics ii a the line that is normal to the mirror surface at the exact center is called the optical axis of the mirror. Physics form 5 lenses things to remember when drawing ray diagrams. Experiments, as well as our own experiences, show that when light interacts with objects several times as large as its wavelength, it travels in straight lines and acts like a ray. Conceptdraw pro diagramming and vector drawing software extended with physics solution from the science and education area is the best for creating. Lenses concave and convex apparatus selection of lenses, collimated light source, e. These two types of lenses a double convex and a double concave lens will be the only types of lenses that will be discussed in this unit of the physics classroom tutorial. Lenses ray diagram construction worksheet teaching. In this case, the lens has been shaped so that all light rays entering it parallel to its axis appear to originate from the same point, f, defined to be the focal point of a diverging lens.
That means we have been playing with lenses for a long time. The praxistm study companion 2 welcome to the praxis study companion welcome to the praxis study companion prepare to show what you know you have gained the knowledge and skills you need for your teaching career. Lecture notes optics pdf 57p this note covers the following topics. Chapter 36 lenses a powerpoint presentation by paul e. Principles and problems laboratory manual 5 convex and concave lenses a convex, or converging, lens is thicker in the middle than at the edges. The life cycle of stars mainly worked out from emitted electromagnetic radiation gcse physics revision notes. Multiple lens systems geometric optics physics khan academy. Videos you watch may be added to the tvs watch history and influence tv recommendations. If you dont see any interesting for you, use our search form on bottom v. With a converging lens, paraxial rays that are parallel to the principal axis converge to the focal point, f. Physical optics lecture notes pdf 44p this note covers the following topics.
There is a simple equation relating the object distance and the image distance to. Lenses in optics applications types of lenses physics. A line drawn in the direction of propagation of light is called a ray of light. Advanced level physics by nelkon and parker pdf download. Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10. The main development of the book begins in chapter 1 with. Convex lenses, geometrical optics alevel physics tutor. They are all taken directly from a cie study guide. All virtual rays and images are drawn as broken lines.
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